CONSTRUCTION FORMULAS



      Board Feet = 		Thickness x Width x Lineal Feet 
					-------------------------------
					    		   12                    

      Quantity of Studs:	Convert length of wall to inches,
                        	divide by on-center distance and
                        	add 1 stud for the end.


      Roof Slope =		Rise	(expressed as inch rise in 12" of run;
					----	 for example, 4 in 12 or 4 : 12).
   					Run	 	


      Roof Pitch = 		Rise 	(expressed as a reduced fraction;
					----	 for example, 1/4 or 1/6).
          				Span 	 `


      Grade = 			Rise	( height ), converted to percent
					----	 Run 	  length


      Area of a Rectangle =		Length x Width


      Area of a Trapezoid =		Bottom + Top x Height
						---------------------
   						           2

      Volume of a Rectangular 
	Solid(box or trench) = 		Length x Width x Height


      Volume of a Pier = 		Top Area + Bottom Area x Height
						-------------------------------
						                  2


      Circle Circumference = 		3.14 x Diameter = 3.14D
      Circle Area = 			3.14 x Radius2 = 3.14R2


      Volume of a Cylinder
     (tank or pipe) =			3.14R2 x Height


      Volume of a Cone (spire) = 	3.14R2 x Height
						          2